Seleucid rule proved auspicious for the Israelites, as Antiochus III declared that the Jews could restore the temple and self-rule according to the “laws of the fathers.”13 However, this favorable relationship was short lived when Antiochus IV Epiphanes came to power in approximately 175 BCE, ruling until 163 BCE. He initiated a practice of religious persecution against the Jews, highlighted by setting up an “abomination of desolation” in the temple (see The Book of Daniel and 1 and 2 Maccabees).
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